Attention Deficit Disorder and Learning Disabilities in the
Workplace: A Guide for Success
by Peter S. Latham, Patricia H. Latham (Editor)
Patricia O. Quinn, M.D., Kathleen Nadeau, Ph.D., Dale S.
Brown
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"A terrific resource! Succeeding in the Workplace is filled with down-to-earth, reality-based advice on how to find and keep a job.
-- Paul Jaffe, Editor, ADDendum, Scarborough, New York
Written by physicians, psychologists and lawyers and including personal experiences, this text includes the following topics: Strategies,Accommodations, How to Find the Right Job, How to Get the Right Job, How to Advance and Handle Trouble If It Arises, Legal Rights. (from back cover)
About the Authors: (from book)
This text has been edited (and authored in part) by Peter S. Latham, and Patricia H. Latham. The authors and their contributions are as follows:
DALE S. BROWN is a leader of the self-help movement for people with learning disabilities. She is a Program Manager for the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities. She is the author of STEPS TO INDEPENDENCE FOR PEOPLE WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES and of over 100 articles on learning disabilities, with an emphasis on employment. She has visited almost every state, giving speeches on learning disabilities and related conditions, founded the Association of Learning Disabled Adults and served as the first President of the National Network of Learning Disabled Adults.
Dale S. Brown has been honored through awards from the American Speech and Hearing Association, the National Institute on Dyslexia, and the Department of Labor for her work with people with disabilities. In May 1993, she received the Arthur S. Flemming Award as one of ten outstanding federal employees under the age of forty for her "substantive work on the Americans with Disabilities Act." In January 1994, she received the TOYA Award (Ten Outstanding Young Americans) by the International Jaycees, for her work as an advocate for people with learning disabilities.
ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES FOUNDATION ("EIF") is a not-for-profit foundation of the Electronic Industries Association based in Washington, D.C. EIF was established in 1975 to advance the independence and productivity of people with disabilities. EIF has pioneered methods of linking qualified persons with disabilities to job opportunities through a national program called PROJECT WITH INDUSTRY. Project staff members have contributed to this text based upon the many years of experience EIF has had in assisting individuals with disabilities in the workplace.
PETER S. LATHAM, J.D. and PATRICIA HORAN LATHAM, J.D., editors of the text and authors of certain chapters, are partners in the Washington, D.C. law firm of Latham & Latham and founders of the National Center for Law and Learning Disabilities (NCLLD).
Peter S. Latham is a graduate of Swarthmore College, B.A. and the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. He is a member of the D.C. Bar, an arbitrator for the American Arbitration Association, served as a Naval Officer in Vietnam (19681969), was awarded the Navy Achievement Medal (with combat "V"), has lectured at the University of Virginia, written textbooks and articles on legal topics and is the producer and director of THE ABC's OF ADD videos.
Patricia Horan Latham is a graduate of Swarthmore College, B.A. and the University of Chicago Law School, J.D. She is a member of the D.C. Bar, and the Virginia Bar, admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court, a lecturer at Catholic University Law School and an arbitrator for the New York Stock Exchange and the American Arbitration Association.
The Lathams are authors of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER AND THE LAW, LEARNING DISABILITIES AND THE LAW, and co-authors of ADD AND THE COLLEGE STUDENT. They have founded a special educational institution, served on the boards of disability organizations and written and spoken widely on disability law issues. They have practiced law for over twenty-five years. Both are listed in WHO'S WHO IN AMERICAN LAW.
KATHLEEN NADEAU, PH.D., received her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Florida in 1970. She is in private practice in the Washington, D.C. area, specializing in services in in the areas of learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder, including support groups for adults with ADD. She has published widely in these fields and has co-authored the following: LEARNING TO SLOW DOWN AND PAY ATTENTION, SCHOOL STRATEGIES FOR ADD TEENS, and ADD AND THE COLLEGE STUDENT. Currently, she is editing a comprehensive text on ADD in adults which is expected to be published in 1994.
PATRICIA O. QUINN, M.D., is a developmental pediatrician who has practised in the Washington, D.C. area since 1972. She is a graduate of Georgetown University Medical School. She was formerly Director of Medicine at the Georgetown University Child Development Center. She continues there as Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Child Psychiatry. Dr. Quinn specializes in child development and psychopharmacology. In her private practice, she sees high-risk infants and young children and follows patients through their school years and into adulthood.
Dr. Quinn works extensively in the areas of attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, and learning disabilities. She gives workshops and has published widely in these fields, including the books PUTTING ON THE BRAKES: YOUNG PEOPLE'S GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) and THE "PUTTING ON THE BRAKES" ACTIVITY BOOK FOR YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WITH ADHD and ADD AND THE COLLEGE STUDENT.
Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADD) and specific learning disabilities (LD) are neurologically based disorders which interfere with socialization, learning and working. They begin in childhood and often persist in some form into adulthood. After onset, feelings of frustration and failure for the individual and his family may result. Males are more often affected than females, and for this reason the term "he" is used throughout and is intended to refer to both males and females. These disabilities are often related and share a major attribute in common. They are "invisible" disabilities in the sense that they are seldom identifiable on first meeting the individual.Nowhere do these disabilities affect the individual more than in the workplace. where failure strikes at the very core of self-esteem, the individual's bread-winning ability. Millions of dollars are lost to the economy every year as individuals fail to obtain jobs or fail to succeed at them. This book has been designed to address the workplace difficulties experienced by individuals with these disabilities. Representing the views of an inter-disciplinary team of experts, it is divided into 5 segments. First, Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the disabilities themselves and how they present in adulthood. Second, Chapters 3-6 discuss in detail strategies and accommodations for individuals with these disabilities, the techniques of finding a job, getting a job, advancing in a job, and handling job-related set-backs. Specific guidance in the preparation of resumes and the conducting of interviews is provided. Sample resumes and letters are included in an Appendix. Third, Chapter 7 presents the personal stories of individuals who have succeeded in the workplace despite these disabilities. Fourth, Chapter 8 discusses the related issues of career counseling and financial and tax planning. Fifth, and finally, Chapters 9 and 10 discuss the legal rights and other resources available to individuals with these disabilities.
The approach is general and non-technical in nature. It should not be considered to be a substitute for professional advice concerning particular situations. The book may assist individuals with these disabilities, their families, employers, educators, psychologists, and other professionals. It may be useful in facilitating transition from secondary school or college to the workplace - in courses and workshops.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 9
FOREWORD 121. WHAT IS ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER? 13
A. NATURE 13
B. SYMPTOMS 14
C. CAUSES 18
D. TREATMENT 201. MEDICATION 20
2. OTHER TREATMENTS 21E. SUMMARY 22
2. WHAT ARE LEARNING DISABILITIES ? 23
A. TYPES 231. PRACTICAL 24
2. MEDICAL 27
3. LEGAL 29
4. CONCLUSION 30B. CAUSES 31
C. SUMMARY 323. STRATEGIES & ACCOMMODATIONS 34
A. OVERVIEW 34
B. POTENTIAL PROBLEM SITUATIONS TO CONSIDER 35
C. POSITIVE TRAITS 35
D. THE POWER OF PERSONALITY 36
E. STRATEGIES AND ACCOMMODATIONS 361. SKILL ENHANCEMENT 37
2. REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS 37
3. COMPENSATORY STRATEGIES 40
4. GENERAL STRATEGIES 50F. SUMMARY 51
4. FINDING THE JOB 53A. GETTING ORGANIZED 531. KEEPING RECORDS OF THE JOB SEARCH 53
2. TIME MANAGEMENT 54B. THE RESUME 54
1. DEVELOPING A RESUME WORKSHEET 55
2. THE ANATOMY OF A RESUME 57
3. HELPFUL TIPS IN PREPARING A RESUME 58
4. ACHIEVEMENT WORDS FOR RESUMES 58C. FINDING JOB LEADS 59
1. RESOURCES FOR THE "HIDDEN" JOB MARKET 59
2. RESOURCES FOR THE "VISIBLE" JOB MARKET 61D. THE COVER LETTER 63
E. THE APPLICATION 631. THE APPLICATION FORM 63
2. TIPS FOR PREPARING APPLICATIONS 64F. TELEPHONING 65
G. SUMMARY 665. GETTING THE JOB 67
A. INTRODUCTION 67
B. THE JOB INTERVIEW 67
C. EMPLOYMENT TESTS 69
D. THE JOB OFFER 701. QUESTIONS TO ASK 70
2. DECLINING THE JOB OFFER 72
3. ACCEPTING THE JOB OFFER 72
4. LEAVING THE CURRENT POSITION 73E. DISCLOSURE OF A DISABILITY 74
1. TALKING ABOUT THE DISABILITY 74
2. WHETHER TO DISCUSS THE DISABILITY WITH EMPLOYERS 74
3. WHEN TO DISCUSS THE DISABILITY 76F. SUMMARY 77
6. ON THE JOB 78A. INTRODUCTION 78
B. GETTING AHEAD 781. ADVANCEMENT ISSUES 78
2. BE AN EXCELLENT EMPLOYEE 79
3. UP THE LADDER 81C. IF THERE'S TROUBLE 83
1. SOCIAL REQUIREMENTS OF JOBS 85
2. SIGNS OF TROUBLE 85
3. OUTSIDE HELP 89
4. TALKING WITH THE SUPERVISOR 90
5. TERMINATION 91D. SUMMARY 92
7. PERSONAL STORIES 93
A. INTRODUCTION 93B. EXPERIENCES 94
C. SUMMARY 102
8. RELATED ISSUES 103
A. INTRODUCTION 103B. CAREER COUNSELING 103
C. TESTING 104
D. CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING 106
E. PERSONAL FINANCIAL AND TAX PLANNING 107
1. PERSONAL AND FINANCIAL PLANNING 1072. TAX PLANNING 109
F. SUMMARY 110
9. LEGAL RIGHTS 111
A. INTRODUCTION 111B. BASIC PRINCIPLES, THE CONSTITUTION AND STATUTES 111
1. THE CONSTITUTION 1112. FEDERAL STATUTORY LAW 113
a. The IDEA 113b. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 113
c. The Americans with Disabilities Act 113
3. THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM DISCRIMINATION 114
a. Overview 114b. Individual With a Disability 114
1. Impairments Covered 1152. Substantially Limits 116
3. Major Life Activities 117
c. Otherwise Qualified 119
1. Reasonable Accommodations 1192. Undue Hardship 122
d. Solely By Reason Of 123
e. The RA or the ADA applies 124
f. Individualized Inquiry 124
4. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 125
C. SPECIFIC PROBLEMS 125
1. WHAT IS A JOB? 125
2. ESSENTIAL FEATURES 126
3. JOB ADVERTISING 127
4. HIRING AND TESTING 127
5. PRE-EMPLOYMENT INQUIRIES 130
6. DISPARATE TREATMENT AND IMPACT 132D. ENFORCEMENT 132
1. REHABILITATION ACT OF 1973 132
2. AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT 133E. SUMMARY 133
10. RESOURCES 134
APPENDICES 140
Appendix A - Sample Resume - Chronological 141
Appendix B - Sample Resume - Functional 143
Appendix C - Sample Resume - Combination 145
Appendix D - Sample Cover Letter 147
Appendix E - Sample Interview Questions 149
Appendix F - Sample Thank You Letter 153
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